CVE-2013-2251
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Description
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.
Official description from the CVE record, published by redhat. Copyright © 1999-2026 The MITRE Corporation. See /security/cve/legal for the CVE license. View the record on cve.org
Key data
CVSS 3.1 Critical 9.8
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack vector: Network
The vulnerable component can be reached over a network, possibly from the Internet.
Attack complexity: Low
No special conditions are needed. The attack can be repeated at will.
Privileges required: None
No account or privileges are needed.
User interaction: None
No action from any user is needed.
Scope: Unchanged
The impact stays within the vulnerable component.
Confidentiality impact: High
Serious or total effect on the secrecy of data.
Integrity impact: High
Serious or total effect on the trustworthiness of data.
Availability impact: High
Serious or total effect on availability.
| Metric | Value | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Attack vector | Network | The vulnerable component can be reached over a network, possibly from the Internet. |
| Attack complexity | Low | No special conditions are needed. The attack can be repeated at will. |
| Privileges required | None | No account or privileges are needed. |
| User interaction | None | No action from any user is needed. |
| Scope | Unchanged | The impact stays within the vulnerable component. |
| Confidentiality impact | High | Serious or total effect on the secrecy of data. |
| Integrity impact | High | Serious or total effect on the trustworthiness of data. |
| Availability impact | High | Serious or total effect on availability. |
CVSS is owned and managed by FIRST.Org, Inc. (FIRST) and is used by permission. Each CVSS score on this site is shown together with its vector string, as published in the CVE record by the source named next to it. Learn more at first.org/cvss.
EPSS
- Score
- 0.99998 (99.99% probability)
- Percentile
- 99.99%
- Scores of
- Nov 10, 2026
- Model
- v2026.06.15
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
- Name in the catalog
- Apache Struts Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
- Added to the catalog
- Mar 25, 2022
- Federal due date
- Apr 15, 2022
CISA assessment as of Feb 7, 2025
- Exploitation
- Recorded by CISA as active
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Weakness (CWE)
- CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component
References
- fujitsu.com/global/support/software/security/products-f/int…
- oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujul2015-2367936.h…
- apache-archiva-ognl-command-exec(90392) (exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com)vdb-entry
- 20131013 Apache Software Foundation A Subsite Remote command execution (seclists.org)mailing-list
- cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2014010087
- 20131023 Apache Struts 2 Command Execution Vulnerability in Multiple Cisco Products (tools.cisco.com)vendor-advisory
- struts.apache.org/release/2.3.x/docs/s2-016.html
- archiva.apache.org/security.html
- 98445 (osvdb.org)vdb-entry
- 1032916 (securitytracker.com)vdb-entry
- 61189 (securityfocus.com)vdb-entry
- 1029184 (securitytracker.com)vdb-entry
- 64758 (securityfocus.com)vdb-entry
- oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/cpujan2014-1972949.h…
- [oss-security] 20140114 Re: CVE Request: Apache Archiva Remote Command Execution 0day (seclists.org)mailing-list
- packetstormsecurity.com/files/159629/Apache-Struts-2-Remote…
Timeline
- ID reserved
- Record published
- Added to CISA KEV
- Record last updated
Look up another CVE
About CubePath
Data from the CVE Program (MITRE), CISA KEV and FIRST EPSS. CVSS is owned by FIRST and used by permission. Not affiliated with or endorsed by MITRE, CISA or FIRST. Data as of Nov 10, 2026, 19:49 UTC. Sources and licenses