# Verify Ansible version
ansible --version

# Install collection development tools
pip install ansible-core ansible-lint flake8 pylint pytest

# List installed collections
ansible-galaxy collection list

namespace.collection_name/
├── docs/                   # Documentation files
├── galaxy.yml              # Collection metadata (required)
├── plugins/
│   ├── modules/            # Custom Ansible modules
│   │   └── my_module.py
│   ├── filter/             # Jinja2 filter plugins
│   │   └── my_filters.py
│   ├── inventory/          # Dynamic inventory plugins
│   ├── lookup/             # Lookup plugins
│   ├── callback/           # Callback plugins
│   └── module_utils/       # Shared utilities for modules
├── roles/                  # Ansible roles
│   └── my_role/
│       ├── defaults/
│       ├── tasks/
│       └── ...
├── playbooks/              # Playbooks (optional)
│   └── site.yml
├── tests/                  # Unit and integration tests
│   ├── unit/
│   └── integration/
├── changelogs/
│   └── CHANGELOG.rst
└── README.md

# Initialize a new collection scaffold
ansible-galaxy collection init mycompany.infrastructure

cd mycompany/infrastructure

# Update galaxy.yml with your metadata
cat > galaxy.yml <<EOF
namespace: mycompany
name: infrastructure
version: 1.0.0
readme: README.md
description: MyCompany infrastructure automation collection
authors:
  - Your Name <[email protected]>
license:
  - Apache-2.0
tags:
  - infrastructure
  - linux
  - networking
  - cloud
dependencies:
  ansible.posix: ">=1.4.0"
  community.general: ">=6.0.0"
repository: https://github.com/mycompany/ansible-collection-infrastructure
documentation: https://docs.mycompany.com/ansible/infrastructure
homepage: https://github.com/mycompany/ansible-collection-infrastructure
issues: https://github.com/mycompany/ansible-collection-infrastructure/issues
build_ignore:
  - "*.tar.gz"
  - .git
  - tests/output
EOF

#!/usr/bin/python
# plugins/modules/manage_service_account.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Module to manage service accounts with specific requirements
"""

DOCUMENTATION = r'''
---
module: manage_service_account
short_description: Manage service accounts
description:
  - Creates, modifies, or deletes service accounts with standardized naming.
  - Handles SSH key management and group membership.
version_added: "1.0.0"
author:
  - Your Name (@yourhandle)
options:
  name:
    description:
      - The username for the service account. Must start with 'svc-'.
    required: true
    type: str
  state:
    description:
      - Whether the account should exist or not.
    choices: [ absent, present ]
    default: present
    type: str
  ssh_public_key:
    description:
      - SSH public key to authorize for this account.
    type: str
  groups:
    description:
      - Additional groups the account should belong to.
    type: list
    elements: str
    default: []
seealso:
  - module: ansible.builtin.user
requirements:
  - The executing user must have sudo privileges.
'''

EXAMPLES = r'''
- name: Create service account for application
  mycompany.infrastructure.manage_service_account:
    name: svc-webapp
    state: present
    ssh_public_key: "ssh-rsa AAAA..."
    groups:
      - docker
      - www-data

- name: Remove service account
  mycompany.infrastructure.manage_service_account:
    name: svc-webapp
    state: absent
'''

RETURN = r'''
account:
  description: Details of the service account.
  returned: when state=present
  type: dict
  sample:
    name: svc-webapp
    uid: 1050
    home: /home/svc-webapp
    created: true
'''

from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
import subprocess
import pwd
import os

def get_user_info(username):
    """Get user information if user exists"""
    try:
        return pwd.getpwnam(username)
    except KeyError:
        return None

def create_user(module, name, groups):
    """Create a system user"""
    cmd = ['useradd', '--system', '--shell', '/bin/bash',
           '--create-home', '--home-dir', f'/home/{name}',
           '--comment', f'Service account: {name}']
    
    if groups:
        cmd.extend(['--groups', ','.join(groups)])
    
    cmd.append(name)
    
    rc, stdout, stderr = module.run_command(cmd)
    if rc != 0:
        module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to create user: {stderr}")
    return True

def manage_ssh_key(module, name, ssh_public_key):
    """Manage SSH authorized keys for the user"""
    home_dir = f'/home/{name}'
    ssh_dir = f'{home_dir}/.ssh'
    auth_keys = f'{ssh_dir}/authorized_keys'
    
    os.makedirs(ssh_dir, mode=0o700, exist_ok=True)
    
    # Write the authorized_keys file
    with open(auth_keys, 'w') as f:
        f.write(ssh_public_key + '\n')
    
    # Set correct permissions
    module.run_command(['chown', '-R', f'{name}:{name}', ssh_dir])
    module.run_command(['chmod', '600', auth_keys])

def run_module():
    module_args = dict(
        name=dict(type='str', required=True),
        state=dict(type='str', default='present', choices=['absent', 'present']),
        ssh_public_key=dict(type='str', required=False, no_log=False),
        groups=dict(type='list', elements='str', default=[]),
    )

    result = dict(changed=False, account={})
    module = AnsibleModule(argument_spec=module_args, supports_check_mode=True)

    name = module.params['name']
    state = module.params['state']
    ssh_public_key = module.params.get('ssh_public_key')
    groups = module.params['groups']

    # Validate naming convention
    if not name.startswith('svc-'):
        module.fail_json(msg=f"Service account name must start with 'svc-', got: {name}")

    user_info = get_user_info(name)
    
    if state == 'present':
        if user_info is None:
            if not module.check_mode:
                create_user(module, name, groups)
                if ssh_public_key:
                    manage_ssh_key(module, name, ssh_public_key)
                user_info = get_user_info(name)
            result['changed'] = True
        
        result['account'] = {
            'name': name,
            'uid': user_info.pw_uid if user_info else None,
            'home': f'/home/{name}',
            'created': result['changed']
        }
    
    elif state == 'absent':
        if user_info is not None:
            if not module.check_mode:
                rc, stdout, stderr = module.run_command(['userdel', '-r', name])
                if rc != 0:
                    module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to delete user: {stderr}")
            result['changed'] = True

    module.exit_json(**result)

def main():
    run_module()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# plugins/filter/my_filters.py
"""
Custom Jinja2 filter plugins for mycompany.infrastructure collection
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
__metaclass__ = type

DOCUMENTATION = '''
name: mycompany.infrastructure
short_description: Filters for infrastructure automation
description:
  - Collection of Jinja2 filters for common infrastructure tasks.
'''

def to_service_name(value, prefix='svc-'):
    """Convert a name to a service account name format"""
    name = str(value).lower()
    name = name.replace(' ', '-').replace('_', '-')
    if not name.startswith(prefix):
        name = f"{prefix}{name}"
    return name

def parse_cidr(value):
    """Parse a CIDR notation and return a dict with network components"""
    import ipaddress
    try:
        network = ipaddress.ip_network(value, strict=False)
        return {
            'network': str(network.network_address),
            'netmask': str(network.netmask),
            'prefix': network.prefixlen,
            'broadcast': str(network.broadcast_address),
            'first_host': str(list(network.hosts())[0]) if network.num_addresses > 2 else str(network.network_address),
            'last_host': str(list(network.hosts())[-1]) if network.num_addresses > 2 else str(network.broadcast_address),
        }
    except ValueError as e:
        raise Exception(f"Invalid CIDR notation '{value}': {e}")

def filter_by_tag(hosts, tag_key, tag_value=None):
    """Filter a list of hosts by tag value"""
    result = []
    for host in hosts:
        tags = host.get('tags', {})
        if tag_key in tags:
            if tag_value is None or tags[tag_key] == tag_value:
                result.append(host)
    return result

class FilterModule(object):
    """Ansible jinja2 filters"""

    def filters(self):
        return {
            'to_service_name': to_service_name,
            'parse_cidr': parse_cidr,
            'filter_by_tag': filter_by_tag,
        }

# Unit tests for modules
mkdir -p tests/unit/plugins/modules

cat > tests/unit/plugins/modules/test_manage_service_account.py <<'EOF'
import pytest
from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
import sys
import os

# Add the collection to path
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../../../../'))

from plugins.modules.manage_service_account import to_service_name

class TestManageServiceAccount:
    def test_service_name_validation(self):
        """Test that non-svc prefixed names fail"""
        # This would normally use AnsibleModule mock
        assert True  # Placeholder

class TestFilters:
    def test_to_service_name(self):
        from plugins.filter.my_filters import to_service_name
        assert to_service_name("webapp") == "svc-webapp"
        assert to_service_name("svc-webapp") == "svc-webapp"
        assert to_service_name("My App") == "svc-my-app"

    def test_parse_cidr(self):
        from plugins.filter.my_filters import parse_cidr
        result = parse_cidr("192.168.1.0/24")
        assert result['network'] == "192.168.1.0"
        assert result['prefix'] == 24
        assert result['netmask'] == "255.255.255.0"
EOF

# Run unit tests
pytest tests/unit/ -v

# Lint checks
ansible-lint
flake8 plugins/

# Validate collection metadata
ansible-galaxy collection build --output-path /tmp/test-build/
ansible-galaxy collection install /tmp/test-build/*.tar.gz --force

# Integration tests using Molecule
molecule test

# Validate module documentation
ansible-doc -t module manage_service_account

# Get your Ansible Galaxy API token
# Go to https://galaxy.ansible.com/ui/token/

# Build the collection
ansible-galaxy collection build

# This creates: mycompany-infrastructure-1.0.0.tar.gz

# Publish to Ansible Galaxy
ansible-galaxy collection publish \
  mycompany-infrastructure-1.0.0.tar.gz \
  --api-key=YOUR_GALAXY_API_TOKEN

# Publish to a private Automation Hub
ansible-galaxy collection publish \
  mycompany-infrastructure-1.0.0.tar.gz \
  --server=https://hub.mycompany.com/api/galaxy/ \
  --api-key=YOUR_TOKEN

# Configure private server in ansible.cfg
cat > ~/.ansible.cfg <<EOF
[galaxy]
server_list = automation_hub, release_galaxy

[galaxy_server.automation_hub]
url=https://hub.mycompany.com/api/galaxy/
auth_url=https://hub.mycompany.com/api/galaxy/v3/auth/token/
token=your_token_here

[galaxy_server.release_galaxy]
url=https://galaxy.ansible.com
token=your_galaxy_token
EOF

# Tag and release (GitHub Actions example)
git tag 1.0.0
git push origin 1.0.0
# CI will build and publish automatically

# requirements.yml - install collection dependencies
---
collections:
  - name: mycompany.infrastructure
    version: ">=1.0.0,<2.0.0"
    source: https://galaxy.ansible.com

  - name: ansible.posix
    version: ">=1.4.0"

  - name: community.general
    version: ">=6.0.0"

  # From a Git repository
  - name: https://github.com/mycompany/private-collection.git
    type: git
    version: main

  # From a tarball URL
  - name: https://internal.example.com/files/mycompany-network-2.0.0.tar.gz
    type: url

# Install all dependencies
ansible-galaxy collection install -r requirements.yml

# Install to a specific path
ansible-galaxy collection install -r requirements.yml \
  -p ./collections/

# For offline/air-gapped environments, download first
ansible-galaxy collection download -r requirements.yml \
  --download-path /tmp/collections/
# Then copy to target and install:
ansible-galaxy collection install /tmp/collections/*.tar.gz \
  --offline

# playbooks/deploy.yml
---
- name: Deploy application
  hosts: webservers
  collections:
    # Declare collections used (optional in newer Ansible, but good practice)
    - mycompany.infrastructure
    - ansible.posix

  tasks:
    # Use FQCN (Fully Qualified Collection Name) - always works
    - name: Create service account
      mycompany.infrastructure.manage_service_account:
        name: svc-webapp
        state: present
        ssh_public_key: "{{ lookup('file', '~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}"
        groups:
          - docker

    # Use role from collection with FQCN
    - name: Include web server role
      ansible.builtin.include_role:
        name: mycompany.infrastructure.nginx

  vars:
    # Use custom filter from collection
    service_name: "{{ 'webapp' | mycompany.infrastructure.to_service_name }}"

# ansible.cfg configuration for collections
[defaults]
collections_path = ~/.ansible/collections:/usr/share/ansible/collections:./collections

# Check where collections are installed
ansible-galaxy collection list

# Verify COLLECTIONS_PATHS
ansible-config dump | grep COLLECTIONS

# Force reinstall
ansible-galaxy collection install mycompany.infrastructure --force

# Check DOCUMENTATION string syntax
python3 -c "import yaml; yaml.safe_load(open('plugins/modules/my_module.py').read().split('r\'\'\'')[1].split('\'\'\'')[0])"

# Validate with ansible-doc
ansible-doc -t module mycompany.infrastructure.my_module

# Check galaxy.yml syntax
python3 -c "import yaml; yaml.safe_load(open('galaxy.yml'))"

# Ensure build_ignore patterns are correct
ansible-galaxy collection build --output-path /tmp/ --force

# List what's in the tarball
tar -tzf /tmp/mycompany-infrastructure-*.tar.gz | head -20